Ethno-videography

Photographs have been used in ethnographic research for many years. Initially, pictures were used to support written text. However, in the past 10 years we are seeing a shift into using photographs as the main medium for capturing evidence. Pink (2001) has coined the term visual ethnography, emphasising the move into using a camera as one of the main tools in an ethnographer’s toolbox. Pictures could also be taken by participants in isolation from the Ethnographer’s notes. Therefore, creating a richer insight into their participants’ social life. One such technique is based on the creation of collaborative or individual photographic diaries.

The natural progression is to move into video diaries. Perhaps due to the success of video sharing websites such as YouTube, we have seen a new generation of pocket video cameras slowly emerging.  Many of these models have no lens caps, complex settings or a plethora of dials. One of they key factors that differentiate these cameras is the simplicity and ease-of-use. For example, the Flip Mino includes built-in software for sharing movies through email or direct uploading to YouTube and MySpace. Furthermore, some models include a built-in USB connector avoiding the need for any wires. These mini cameras are relatively affordable, yet often include high-definition resolutions. 

Pocket video cameras open an option for a new type of ethno-videographic research. Each participant is simply provided with a mini video camera, clear instructions and a structured diary.  The best cameras for this purpose are the Flip Mino HD and the Kodak Zi6. Both have a simple interface, capture high-definition videos and include a built-in USB connector. The Flip is smaller, but the Kodak captures higher quality video.

Kodak Zi6: USB arm flicks out from the side and videos are automatically uploaded

Whilst, cheap video tools could capture a wealth of information it is important to ensure that the approach is useful and appropriate for the type of research questions, the focus of the study and the context. It is also important to acknowledge that analysing video studies is often more laborious than analysing photos and text. 

- Ofer Deshe

References

Pink, S. (2001). Doing visual ethnography. London: Sage Publications.